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Echinococcosis is a serious zoonosis parasitic disease caused by the parasitic larva of Echinococcus. Surgical treatment, as the preferred treatment of echinococcosis, has disadvantages such as small scope of application, difficulty in complete resection, high postoperative recurrence rate and heavy burden on patients. Drug therapy is not only a necessary supplement to the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative treatment of echinococcosis patients, but also the first choice when surgical treatment is not applicable. This article reviews the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of benzimidazole drugs, and summarizes the anti- Echinococcus activities of different benzimidazole formulations, it will provide a reference for future exploration of echinococcosis treatment drugs.
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Objective To investigate the degradation characteristics of the large-scale brain functional networks during aging by functional magnetic resonance imaging measurement and explore its intrinsic mechanism.Methods 40 healthy subjects including 20 elderly persons [mean aged(72.4 ±4.6)years] and 18 young persons [mean aged(23.9± 1.8) years] were enrolled in this study.All subjects underwent functional MRI scanning at blood oxygenation level-dependent contrast resting state.Four canonical resting-state networks,including the default mode network (DMN),dorsal attention network (DAN),executive control network (ECN),salience network,and visual network,were extracted by the seed zone and double regression methods.The functional connectivities in these canonical networks were compared between the young and elderly persons.Results Compared with young persons,the elderly showed the distinct and disruptive alterations in the large-scale aging-related resting brain networks.The impairment of ECN was the most serious,followed by the impairment of DAN.The salience networks and DMN showed relatively limited functional connectivity disruption.The networks associated to higher-order brain functions were impaired,while the visual network,which served as a network related to low-order brain functions,had no significant change.Conclusions The aged brain in healthy subjects is characterized by organized change in networks,and the selective impairments of large-scale brain networks were more significant in the networks associated to higher-order brain functions as compared with the networks related to low-order brain functions.
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Objective To investigate the diagnostic values of DCE-MRI quantitative evaluation of the activity of sacroiliac joints in ankylosing spondylitis.Methods Forty two patients (36 male and 6 female) with ankylosing spondylitis in our hospital were enrolled prospectively according to the standard of diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis revised in 1984.All of them were evaluated with the blood sedimentation,C-reactive protein and ankylosing spondylitis activity index (BASDAI).We divided the patients with ankylosing spondylitis into stationary phase group and active phase group.We analyzed each of the MRI images of the two patients groups using the extended Tofts model to determine the quantitative parameters of DCE-MRI,such as contrast transfer coefficient (Ktrans),reflux constant (Kep),extravascular extracellular volume fraction (Ve),plasma volume fraction (Vp).And then the differences of quantitative data between the two groups were compared.Spearman correlation analysis was performed between the parameters with statistically significant difference and BASDAI scores.Results Among the 42 patients,22 patients (18 male and 4 female) were in active phase group and the other 20 patients (18 male and 2 female) were in stationary phase group.Ktrans,Kep,Ve were (0.750± 1.130)/min,(1.008±0.732)/min,0.460± 1.735;(0.163±0.401)/min,(0.505 ± 0.902)/min,0.345 ±3.460 for active phase group and the stationary phase group,respectively.The results of the active phase group was significantly higher than the stationary phase group (Z=3.727,2.317,3.696,respectively;all P＜0.05).The Vp had no statistically significance for the active phase group (0.125 ± 0.310) and the stationary phase group (0.160 ± 0.329) (Z=1.209,P＞0.05).Strong correlations existed between Ktrans,Kep,Ve and BASDAI score,the correlation coefficients were 0.714,0.430,and 0.676 (P＜0.05).Conclusions Quantitative DCE-MRI parameters can evaluate the activity of the ankylosing spondylitis.Strong correlations exist between Ktrans,Kep,Ve and BASDAI score.
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Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of tracking movement of normal patellar using volume scan on sensation 320 CT. Method Data of dynamic scans of 30 knees was collected using the motor function of 320 CT and retrospectively analyzed. The data of movement of the patellorfemoral joint was obtained during flexion (from 0° to 120°) within 10-sec by 320 CT from all volunteers. The 3D coordinate of the center of patella was recorded to investigate the dispose relation of patellofemoral joint.Result With the knee angle changed from 0° to 90°, the patella moved rapidly along the Y-axis direction ( sagittal plane) down about (53.87 ± 0. 45 ) mm, and then entered the plateau phase with little change.When the knee flexion reached 10°-30° ,the patellar movement along the X-axis reached the largest range of (2. 31 ±0. 52)-(3.36 ± 0. 43 ) mm, and subsequently moved to the opposite lateral direction with the maximum about (8. 53 ± 0. 44 ) mm at 120°. In the Z axis, the track initially showed plateau, and then presented a rapidly downward trend after 30°. The patellar tracking is like an outward arc during the whole knee flexion. Conclusion The motor functional imaging of 320 CT can pinpoint the patelar tracking in a fast, painless way.
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Objective To evaluate the value of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in diagnosing ligament injury of the knee.Methods MRI manifestations of ligament injury of the knee confirmed by operation or joint-screen examination in 32 cases were retrospectively analyzed. All cases underwent routine MR scanning. The cases with suspicious anterior cruciate ligament injury undenwent oblique saqittal section fast spin echo-T_2 weight (FSE-T_2WI )and the cases with suspicious medical accessory ligament injury underwent coronal section fat suppressed-fast spin echo-T_2 weight(FS-FSE-T_2W).Results 36 ligaments were found having injury in all cases, including 16 anterior cruciare ligaments, 14 posterior cruciate ligaments, 5 medical accessory ligaments and 1 lateral accessory ligament. The ligaments injuries included tear completely and part.Conclusion MRI is the ideal non-invasive method for studying ligament injury of the knee.
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Objective:To evaluate the clinical value of percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangial stent(PTCS)implantation therapy for malignant biliary obstruction in the elderly patients.Methods:Fifty three patients over 60 years-old were treated with PTCS implantation (n=35),PTCD for internal-external drainage(n=11),or single external drainage(n=7). The imaging examination was performed for all the patients one week after surgery. The serum levels of total bilirubin (TBIL) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were detected before and after surgery.Rusults:Metallic stents were successfully implanted in 32 patients during the surgery, and 3 patients were implanted 5 to 7 days later after PTCS. Both total serum levels of TBIL and ALT were significantly decreased at one week after surgery (P<0.05). The mean survival periods were 11.5 months for stent implantation patients and 5.5 months for PTCD patients. Conclusion:PTCD and PTCS are easy to perform and safe and effective in the treatment of malignant biliary obstruction of elderly patients.
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Objective To construct the RNAi vector targeting survivin gene, in order to observe its effect on lung adenoearcinoma A549 cell radiosensitivity, and explore the possible mechanism. Methods One pair of RNA interference sequence targeting survivin gene was designed according to the eDNA sequence, the recombinant RNAi plasmid pGenesil2-survivin was constructed. After certified by enzyme digestion and sequencing, the pGenesil2-survivin plasmid was transfected into A549 cells. Survivin mRNA and protein was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The apoptosis was analyzed with flow cytometry. The radiosensitivity was measured by clone formation assay. Results The pGenesil2-survivin vector was successfully established. After the pGenesil2-survivin was transfeeted into A549 cells for 48 h, surviving protein and mRNA in pGenesil2 group were not obviously changed compared with that in normal group. They were increased after 5 Gy X-ray irradiation, but obviously inhibited in pGenesil2-survivin group. The cell apoptosis in pGenesil2-survivin and 5 Gy X-ray groups was obviously increased (t1 = 10.63, P < 0.001 ; t2 = 3.75 , P < 0.05), the effect was more manifest in combined group(t = 4.83, P < 0.05). D0 and Dq in normal and pC, enesil2 group were not obviously different, but those in pGenesil2-survivin group were lower. Conclusions RNAi targeting survivin gene could inhibit survivin mRNA and protein expression, enhance the A549 cell apoptosis rate and cell radiosensitivity.
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BACKGROUND: The problem of the high rate of acute restenosis at an early and advanced stage has been a hot spot, while the stent with paclitaxel (poly-L-lactide, PLLA/polyglycolic acid, PGA) degradable material will resolve it. OBJECTIVE: To seek an ideal biologic degradable material used in biologic degradable stent. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The comparative cytological study was performed at the Laboratory of Toxicology, Institute of Public Health, Jilin University (Key Laboratory of Radiobiology of Ministry of Public Health of China, Key Laboratory of Toxicology of Jilin Province) from July 2003 to July 2005. MATERIALS: Paclitaxel degradable material (PLLA/PGA) (PLLA:PGA= 9: l ) were offered by Changchun Applied Chemistry Institute of Chinese Academy of Science). Human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were purchased from Boster, Wuhan, China. METHODS: The sixth passage of SMCs were digested by 0.25% Trypsin under ambient temperature for 3 minutes, incubated in 10 mL 10% ox serum BMEM, and made into SMC suspension. The materials kept in hypothermal disinfectant Co60 were heated to 37 ℃ by waterbath after surface treatment, and then placed in a 6-well culture plate. SMC suspension was added into the middle of the materials. The density of cells was about 5×106/cm2. Cell suspension diffused around the materials gradually. At last, 10% ox serum BMEM culture solution was added into it, and cultivated in a 5% CO2 incubator at 37 ℃. The growth of cells in and surrounding the materials was observed by inverted microscope everyday. MAIN OUCOME MEASURES: The materials were obtained after culture for 3, 6, 12, 19, 26, 34 days and vacuum dehydration, and were weighed. The weight loss of materials was compared before and after culture. The average degradable rate of materials was calculated.RESULTS: Degradable material had no influence on the development of SMCs. The average degradation rate ex vivo was 0.45% per day. CONCLUSION: PLLA/PGA with good cellular compatibility could be applied to intravascular stents.
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BACKGROUND:High-incidence early acute reocculision and later restenosis following coronary artery stenting has been widely studied.Biodegradable material metal coated stent carrying paclitaxel,which can effectively inhibit restenosis,is promising for solving this problem.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of paclitaxel containing degradable material [poly (L-lactide) (PLLA)/polyglyoolide(PGA)]on human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The present controlled observational cytological experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Toxicity,College of Public Health,Jilin University between July 2003 and July 2005.MATERIALS:Paclitaxel (PLLA/PGA) (PLLA:PGA=9:1) was provided by the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,China.METHODS:The primary human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells were cultured for passage cells.Thereafter,passage cells were co-cultured with degradable materials containing different concentrations of paclitaxel (1,2,and 3 g).Mental stent and paclitaxel-free PLLA/PGA were used for controls.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:At 0,24,48,and 72 hours after culture,effects of degradable materials containing different concentrations of paclitaxel on smooth muscle cell growth were observed under a contrast microscope.RESULTS:Mental stent and paclitaxel-free PLLA/PGA had no influences on smooth muscle cell growth.Paclitaxel(PLLA/PGA) degradable material (1,2,and 3 paclitaxel) inhibited smooth muscle cell growth till 72 hours.There were significant differences between mental stent and paclitaxel-free PLLA/PGA and paxlitaxel(PLLA/PGA) groups (P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:Paclitaxel (PLLA/PGA) degradable material can be used as the intravascular stenting material for inhibiting smooth muscle cell growth.
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Objective To analyze inhibitory effect on Wistar rattish hepatoma by endostatin, angiostatin,hyper-liquid hpiodol and a combination of these agents. Methods The rattish hepatoma models were randomly divided into 8 groups, including control group, lipiodol group, endostatin gene group, angiostatin gene group, endostaitin gene and angiostatin gene group, endostatin gene and lipiodol group, angiostatin gene and lipiodol group and endostatin gene, angiostatin gene and lipiodol group. Following treatment on Wistar rots with these agents or a combination of these agents, we measured the changes in tumor volume growth rate, metastases quantity rote, rattish life span, micmvessel density (MVD) value, apoptotic index(AI), vascular endothelial growth factor. Single factor variance test and Chi-square test were used for statistics. Results On the sixth day after treatment, the tumor volume growth rate of all the therapy groups were smaller than the control group. The therapeutic effect of the above mentioned two genes in combination with lipiodol was the best and the tumor volume growth rate was the smallest. On the eighteenth day after treatment, the numbers of pulmonary metastasis were(37.2±7.2)、(26.2±5.0)、(25.5±4.7)、 (26.2±3.9)、(14.9±2.6)、(19.1.4-2.8)、(20.2±2.7)and(6.1±1.2); the life span was(23.3± 4.4),(35.2±4.9),(28.2±3.6), (29.4±3.4), (38.3±6.7),(37.7±5.8), (36.4±5.5) and (59.8±9.4)days for each group respectively. The difference of the numbers of pulmonary metastases between the therapeutic groups and the control group was statistically significant(P<0.O1). The difference of the life span between the control group and the single gane group was not statistically significant, but the difference of the life span between the control group and the combination groups is statistically significant. MVD[(63.4±8.7)strip/high power field] in the lipiodol group was higher than the other therapeutic groups. However, the difference of MVD between the lipiodol group and the control group was not statistically significant. The apoptotie indexes in all the therapeutic groups were higher than the control group [(4.2±1.6)% ], the index in the two genes in combination with lipiodol group was the highest[ (19.6± 2.4)%]. The expression rate of VEGF in the control group was the highest(100%)and the rate in the two genes in combination with lipiodol group was the lowest(12.5%). Conclusions The inhibitory effect on Wistar rattish hepatoma of a combination of the above-mentioned two genes and lipiodol via transhepatic artery infusion is obviously superior to that of each individual agents.
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Objective To construct the vector of RNA interference(RNAi) targeting survivin gene and observe its effect combined with X-rays radiation on lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell apoptosis.Methods One pair of RNAi sequence targeting survivin gene were designed according to its cDNA sequence reported in GenBank,the recombinant RNAi plasmid pGenesil2-survivin was constructed.After identified by enzyme digestion and sequencing,the pGenesil2-survivin plasmid was trasfeced into A549 cells.In the experiment,normal group,pGenesil2 group,pGenesil2-survivin group,5 Gy irradiation group and pGenesil2-survivin + 5 Gy irradiation group were set up.The apoptosis of A549 cells was measured by flow cytometry with PI/Annexin Ⅴ and TUNEL,the survivin and caspase-3 expressions were measured by Western blotting.Results Two fragments about 389 bp and 4 206 bp were gotten by KpnⅠand EcoRⅠenzyme digestion,they are the same to expected result,the sequencing result was compared to oligonucleotide chain with DNAssist 2.0,they were equal,these indicated the identification of pGenesil2-survivin vector was right;pGenesil2-survivin was transfected into A549 cells for 48 h,the apoptotic percentage in pGenesil2-survivin and 5 Gy X-rays groups increased obviously(P
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Objective:To improve the prediction of the resectability of esophageal carcinoma by computed tomography.Methods:Eighty-five esoghageal carcinoma cases diagnosed by conventional upper GI tract radiography were enrolled.Three CT signs i.e. angularity,triangular area,and angularity combined with posture were used to observe and to determine the >45。Results:The prediction of resectability by CT were accurate which was confirmed by surgical interventions.Conclusion:Determination of the triangular fat pad between the aorta and the tumor lesion by Ct is reliable and practical in the predication of resectability in the patients with esophageal carcinoma.
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Objective:To evaluate the spiral CT in the diagnosis of esophageal neoplasm by comparing it with conventional CT and barium meal examination.Methods:Spiral CT contrast enhancement scanning and image processing with MPR an d CTVE were performed in 15 cases.A comparison was made between the images of spiral CT and the ones of conventional CT and the images of barium meal examinat ion.Results:① On axial images with spiral CT,all lesions of 15 patients showed almo s t the same pictures as seen with conventional CT.Images clearly showed the posit ion,size,shape of the esophageal neoplasm with local extension and the relation with the adjacent structures as well as lymth node metastases.②MPR could we ll display esophageal structure through different angle and direction.The appea rances of inner wall and lesions on CTVE of esophageal neoplasm were similar to those of fiberaptic endoscopy.③Barium meal examinatiuon was a very effective sc reening method.Conclusion:Compared with conventional CT and barium meal examination,application of spiral CT provides clinicians with more useful informations.
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Objective:To study histocompatibility of self-made stents made of NiTi alloy in rabbits.Methods: To place 30 stents made of NiTi alloy into 30 rabbits trachea through mouth under general anethesia,to observe local tissue reaction from 1 week to 6 months and to try to find pathological changes of main organs of rabbits in the 6 th month. Results:During observation,apart from dyspnea in two rabbits,one died at 3 day and the other died at 6 week after implantation. Autopsy showed the implanta.tion sites were occluded by granulation tissue. All other rabbits were normal and implantation sites were patent. In the first three weeks we could observe acute inflammation at the implantation sites while after 5 weeks we could observe chronic inflammation there. We observed that the structure of epithelial cells tended to be normal by telemicroscope. There are no pathological changes in liver, spleen, kidney, lung, heart and brain tissue. Conclusion:Self-expanding stents possess good histocompatibility and have no toxic reaction to whole body and fit to implantation into human body.
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T lymphocyte subpopulation and level of soluble interleuckin 2 receptor in peripheral bloodand serum of primary hepatocellular carcinoma and donor were tested.The results show that de-crease of T lymphocyte subpopulations is related with increase of level of soluble interleuckin2 re-ceptor in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma.